VERB
MORE ABOUT TRANSITIVE VERBS
# Transfer: Give, Lend, Owe, Send, Receive, Dispatch, Throw, Put, Push, Pull, etc.
#Causing/Making: Kill, Cover, Help, Drive, Fly, Spread, Lay, Raise, Sell, Teach,Support, Forbid, Allow, Prepare, Design, Build, etc.
# Pronouncing/Reporting: Say, Tell, Order, Advise, Request, Thank, Welcome, Advise, Invite, Ask, Wish, etc.
A. MONO-TRANSITIVE: Prefer, Start, End, Plant, Hit, Bite, Love, Hear, Drink, etc.
B. DI-TRANSITIVE: Lend, Owe, Pay, Sell, Teach, Write, Cook, Find, Get, Book, etc.
जब वाक्य में दो 'objects' हो, तो Indirect object (जो सामान्यतः सजीव होता है) का उल्लेख पहले होता है और फिर direct object का।
Subject+verb + indirect object + direct object
I bought her a purse.
He showed me his notes.
Subject + verb+ direct object + preposition + prepositional object
हम इस तरह परिवर्तित करना चाहे कि Direct Object का उल्लेख पहले हो तो Direct Object के बाद एक Preposition का प्रयोग होगा और फिर Indirect Object का।
I give my book to her.
I bought a purse for her.
She showed the note to me and my friend.
C. COMPLEX-TRANSITIVE: Find, Make, Call, Consider, Keep, Appoint, Prove, etc.
Subject + verb + noun/ pronoun + adjective/extra details
1. Mohan found Kamal a good wife.
2. Mohan found Kamala a good wife.
They found him a good servant.
They found him to be a good servant
They found a good servant for him.
# FUNCTIONS OF COMPLEX-TRANSITIVE
# Opinion: Find, Deem, Judge, Think, Consider, etc.
# Preference: Eat, Serve, Like, Want, Prefer, etc.
# Giving a Job/Role: Make, Appoint, Crown, Elect, etc.
# Cause/Make: Make, Drive, Knock, Shot, Turn, Keep, Hold, Leave etc.
# Description/Naming: Call, Declare, Name, Pronounce, Label, Certify, Term, etc.
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# LINKING VERBS:
=> Be, Become, Go, Get, Grow, Turn, Stay, Keep, Remain, Appear, Seem, Look, Sound, Smell, Taste, Feel, Prove, Reach, etc.
The man grew angry.
The man grew wheat.
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A. DYNAMIC: Action in process
=> Teach, Fly, Drive, Help, Type, Plough, Drink, Work, Call, Wait, etc..
B. STATIVE:
=> Agree, Depend, Want, Lack, Have, Fit, Suit, Resemble, Realize, etc.
# APPEARANCE: Look, Seem, Appear, etc.
# POSSESSION: Have, Own, Possess, Contain, Include, Want, Lack, Need, etc
. # REALIZATION: See, Feel, Hear, Smell, Taste, Notice, Sound, Imagine, Think, etc.
# CONDITION: Know, Exist, Hope, Prefer, Adore, Mean, Love, Hate, Depend, Agree, Remember, Forget, Doubt, Fit, Setc, etc.
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किसी भी लिखे हुए sentensence में Finite verb decide करती है आने वाली Non Finite verb का Pattern कैसा हो।
The Finite Verb decide the Pattern of a Non Finite Verb.
The following [FV are followed by [to+v'] (Infinitive)
advise, Command, manage, Order, Seem, Suggest, agree, Choose, hate, pay, want, would like, decide, love, prefer, arrange, Went, Promise, learn, forget, remember, offer, demand, fail, refuse,try, Prove
INFINITIVE ('to Vo): Infinitive एक प्रकार का Noun है जिसमें verb के भी गुण होते हैं। अतः हम infinitive को Verb-Noun भी कह सकते है।
जैसे:
I want to study English.
Shrey decided..........a car
1. buy 2.to buy 3.buying 4. bought
Deepak agreed..........(return) the money.
3. My friends demanded..........( take ) the extra class.
4. They have refused the Watchman...... (Sit) there.
5. She knew when she........(buy) the dresses
6. The Crew guided us where..... sit in the ship
7. It is time you.........(Pay) the dues.
It is time for you......... (Pay) the dues.
She knew how she........ (do) this question.
She knew how......... (do) this question
The following F.V are followed by v' in active voice. but to+v' in passive voice. (Except "Let"
see, watch, notice, hear, help, make, let, bid
They made me understand / to understand the theorem.
I was made to understand the theorem by them
She helped the old man Cross / to cross the road
The old man was helped to cross the road by her.
I can't let you go! to go,
You can not be let gо by me
Ravi made me solve the questions.
I was made to solve the questions by Ravi.
--------------///// GERUND /////----------------------
👉 Rakhi is walking with the help of a walking stick as walking Improves one's health.
After the following [FV) we use (ving)-Gerund
start, stop, enjoy, paying, love, like, hate, deny, object, miss, remember.
I saw the old man...........(Closs) the road.
Everyone saw the thief.....swatch/
Snatching the chain.
They saw the child........(fall) off the tree
Ishaan stopped to smoke | smoking
flying kites is / are being looked at by many
Participle subject predicate
Flying kites are / is very easy
Gerund + object predicate
Preposition + Noun
Verb + habituated to, in order to, Used to (अभ्यस्त ), Accustomed to ( के आदी ), Averse to ( के विपरीत), With a view to (के विचार से), Addicted to (का आदी), Devoted to ( को समर्पित ), In addition to (के अतिरिक्त), Look forward to (उम्मीद करना), Object to (आपत्ति होना), Owing to (के कारण ), Given to (आदी होना), Taken to (आदी होना ), Prone to (सम्भावित) + Gerund (Ving)
He is accustomed to waking / wake up late.
Rahul has come here with a view to joining / join our club.
He is addicted to smoking.
I am looking forward to meeting you.
Owing to being late every day, I received more kicks than pence
He got used to driving on the right when he was in London.
लेकिन Modal 'used to' के बाद V' का प्रयोग होता है।
I used to drive on the right.
अगर used to के पहले verb हो तो used to के बाद Vi + ing लगायें आदत को दर्शाता है।
अगर used to के पहले verb नहीं हो तो | used to (modal verbs होते हैं ) के बाद V' लगायें।
---------------////// Participle ///////----------------
Participle
I saw a burning house
I saw a burnt house.
They served us steamed / steaming momos
shouting at the top of her voice, she came in.
Hearing the noise, we rushed out of the restaurant.
Thinking all is well, he went to bed.
Driven by poverty, he committed suicide.
Deceived by his best friend, he was left in the lurch.
Having done with it, they got down to work.
Having rested, they started their journey again.
Having heard all the arguements, the judge announced the verdict
Errors
He Having finished the home work, the mother allowed him to go out.
She Having driven badly, the police challaned her.
Rama called up the police, anticipating some trouble
Anticipating some trouble, Rama called up the police.
Considering all the points, the Manager took the decision
Having considered all the points, the Manager took the decision
----------------///// Causative verbs /////-------------
Have, Get एवं Make
• When the third person is caused/ engaged to perform a task
• वाक्य में 'Get'/'Have' एवं 'Make' Tense के अनुसार परिवर्तित होते हैं।
Get - doer + to v'
Non-doer + v 3rd
Mr. Sharma got Riya to write a letter.
Mr. Sharma got a letter written by Ria
We got the police to arrest him
Or
We got him arrested by the police.
I cannot get him to do your work.
Or
I cannot get your work done by him
Have - doer + v'
Non-doer + v 3rd
I have Keshav wash my car
I have my car washed by Keshav
Have the box opened.
MAKE
• Make के बाद Agent का प्रयोग करना आवश्यक होता है।
• Make के बाद V' का प्रयोग होता है।
We have to make the system work
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Subject verb and agreement
-----------////// INVERSION ///////--------------------
Verb may preceed the Subject that it agrees to. This is a case of Inversion.
(Verb अपने Subject से पहले भी प्रयुक्त हो सकता है। ये Inversion का Case है।)
1. Across that river is / are some villages.
2. Among the books are / is a diary.
1. Along the northern frontier of India is / are the Himalayas.
2. Twenty miles beyond the LOC was / were seen a few terrorists.
3. Just outside my house are / is a playground for school boys and girls.
(1) Just outside my house
(2) are a playground
(3) for school boys and girls
(4) No error.
(SSC CGL Tier-1 Exam, 16.08.2015 (Ist Sitting) TF No. 3196279)
Introductory subject = there + Inversion case
There was a king.
There were two kings.
1. There has always been some form of education, but there hasn't / haven't always been schools.
2. The tiger is not the only cause of concern. There is / are hyenas (लकड़बग्घा ) too.
-----//////--------sub + prep.+ sub-----////////--
If two Subjects are joined by using the following, the Verb follows the 1 Subject. (अगर निम्नलिखित शब्दों के द्वारा दो Subjects को जोड़ा जाए तो Verb 1 Subject के अनुसार प्रयुक्त होगा।)
like, unlike, but, besides, and not, except, as well as, including excluday, with along with, together with, in company of, accompanied by, he addition to, etc.
. The students at the back with their books on the table has / have been warned thrice.
The questions of this chapter with details on this page is/are enough.
Every human being like (a) your friends have / has some (b) strengths and weaknesses. (c) No error (d)
The Prime Minister along with his Cabinet colleagues (1)/ have been welcomed by the Chief Minister (2)/at a formal ceremony. (3)/No error. (4) (SSC CPO (SI, ASI & Intelligence Officer Exam. 28.08.2011 (Paper
2. He as well as (1)/ you like (2)/ to go.(3)/ No error (4) (SSC (10+2) Level Data Entry Operator & LDC Exam. 04.12.2011 (Ist Sitting (North Zone
3. The captain along with his team (1)/ are practising very hard (2)/ for the forthcoming match. (3)/ No error. (4) (SSC (10+2) Level Data Entry Operator & LDC Exam. 04.12.2011 (Ist Sitting (East Zon
4. The teacher as well as the students (1) have gone on an excursion (2)/ to Ooty during their summer vacation. (3)/ No Error. (4) (SSC Graduate Level Tier-I Exam.21.04.2013
5. Grandfather along (1)/ with the children (2)/ have gone to Chennai. (3)/ error (4) SSC CHSL-2016, 23rd Jan, Evening
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The Verb may be far away from its subject. Do not forget to check if the verb agrees to its subject. (Verb अपने Subject से बहुत दूर हो सकता है। Verb को सही Subject के अनुसार प्रयुक्त करें।)
1) The development of hydrogen, nuclear (a) and such other weapons of mass destruction (b) has / have never ever been opposed vehemently. (c) No error (d)
2).The strain of all the difficulties and (a) vexations and anxieties were / was (b) more than he could bear. (c) No error (d)
3). Though the ideas to enhance the work (a) efficiency are many, however (b) there is little administrative support. (c) No error (d)
5). The vulnerability of women, children and old people pose / poses great threat to the security of a major part of our population.
6). Flowers (1)/that are just picked (2)/ begins / begin to rot in 15 seconds. (3)/ No Error (4)
(SSC Multi-Tasking Staff Exam. 17.03.2013, IInd Sitting
7). Most of the members at the meeting felt (1)/ that the group appointed to investigate the case (2)/ was / were not competent to do the job efficiently. (3)/ No error (4)
(SSC CGL Tier-II Exam. 12.04.2015, Kolkata Region, TF No. 315 R
------------/////// Determiners //////----------------
A black and white cat.
A black and a white cat.
Farhan Akhtar is an actor, a director and a producer.
Rahul is my friend and my neighbour.
Kiran saw her friend and her neighbour
There are some boys and some girls in this park
I met his father and her mother today
Raun served me many Chapatis and much curry.
The trustee and principal are at loggerheads At loggerheads means 'at conflict)
The Secretary and the Principal of the college (1)/ are attending (2)/ the District Development Council Meeting at the Collectorate (3)/. No error (4). (SSC Tax Assistant (Income Tax & Central Excise) Exam. 12.11.2006)
2. A hot and (1)/ a cold spring (2)/ was found near each other (3)/ No error.(4) (SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam.10.12.2006)
3. The Principal and staff (1)/ are waiting for (2)/ the chief guest. (3)/ No error (4).
(SSC Higher Secondary Level Data Entry Operator & LDC Exam. 27.11.2010)
4. The artist and writer (1)/ has (2)/ died. (3)/ No error (4) (SSC (10+2) Level Data Entry Operator & LDC Exam. 28.10.2012 (1st Sitting)
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Measurement Units
Two thousand rupees is/are in my pocket/pockets
Five miles is/are easy to cover on foot and by bicycle
168 cm. is/are my height
Two books is/are in my school
When I say that two hundred kilometers (a) seem a long distance to drive just (b) for a party, I really have a point to make. (c) No error (d)
1. Ten kilometres (1)/ is (2)/ a long distance to walk. (3)/ No error (4) (SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam. 16.11.2003)
2. Ten kilometres are (1)/ to cover on foot (2)/a long distance for a child (3)/ No error (4). SSC PRE-2018 11th June, 2019 Morning
3. Twenty kms are not a great distance in these days of fast moving vehicles.
(1) is not a great distance
(2) are not too great a distance
(3) aren't proving a great distance
(4) No improvement (SSC Graduate Level Tier-1 Exam. 21.04.2013, IInd Sitting)
4. A thousand rupees are all that he wants.
(1) are
(2) is
(3) was
(4) No improvement
(SSC CGL Tier-I Re-Exam. (2013) 20.07.2014, IInd Sitting)
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When two subjects are joined by the following Conjunctions, the Verb follows the nearest Subject. (कुछ ऐसे Conjunctions होते हैं जिनसे जोड़ने पर Verb नजदीक वाले Subject के अनुसार प्रयुक्त होगा। )
Either... Or
Nor
None but
Or
Not only......... But also.
Neither....... nor
Either the players or the coach is/are in the room
There is are either the players or the coach in the room.
Neither the property related documents (a) nor the summons were delivered (b) to my client in time. (c) No error (d)
1. Neither the mouse (1)/ nor the lion (2)/ were caught. (3)/ No error (4) (SSC Multi-Tasking (Non-Technical) Staff Exam. 27.02.2011)
2. Either Sohan or his friends (1)/ is to be blamed (2)/ for this mischief. (3)/ No error (4) (SSC Graduate Level Tier-II Exam. 16.09.2012)
3. Either an officer (1)/ or an assistant (2)/ are required. (3)/ No error (4) (SSC (10+2) Level Data Entry Operator & LDC Exam. 28.10.2012 (1st Sitting
4. Either Parmeet (1)/ or Jyoti (2)/ have done the crime. (3)/No Error (4) (SSC Multi-Tasking Staff Exam. 10.03.2013, Ist Sitting: Patna
5. Neither the girl nor her parents (1)/ was present (2)/ to receive the award. (3)/ No error. (4) (SSC Graduate Level Tier-II Exam. 29.09.2013)
6. Electronic mail or E-mail (1)/ are a method of exchanging (2)/digital messages. (3)/ No error (4) (SSC CHSL (10+2) LDC, DEO & PA/SA Exam, 15.11.2015 (Ist Sitting) TF No. 6636838)
7. The light bulbs (1)/or the hall (2)/need to be changed (3)/No error. (4) SSC (steno.) 2016
---------===--==========-----=---=--------=--------
A number of + subject + Verb
Determiner
The number of + prep. phrase + verb
Subject
To mark the grand (a) occasion a large number (b) of invitations has / have been sent out. (c) No error (d)
The management was happy to note (a) that the total number of students (b) have / has doubled in the last six years.(c) No error (d)
Intro. sub. + Verb dete. Sub.
There have been (a) a number of complaints about (b) the standard of service. (c) No error (d)
A number of candidates was /were found using unfair means
(A number of = determiner)
The number of such candidates are / is very low
(Of such candidates = prep. Phrase)
The number of guests (1)/ invited to the party (2)/ are five hundred (3)/ No error (4) SSC (steno.) 2017, 12 Sept., Morning
2. A number of points of resemblance between the Australian and Dravidian languages is discovered, despite the fact that the homes of the two races are so far apart. Stenographer- 2018 8 Feb., 2019 Evening
(1) despite the fact
(2) point of resemblance
(3) so far apart
(4) is discovered
The human history is replete with instances (a) that show that many a good opportunities have / opportunity has (b) been lost due to narrow outlook. (c) No error (d)
--------===========================-------
Neither of the boys are absent.
Neither of the boy is absent.
Neither boys are abent.
If it were ever possible to get near (a) when one of the galactic eruptions take / takes (b) place, one should see a grand sight. (c) No error (d)
either
Neither + singular noun / of plural
each
one
Each
Any
Everyone
Someone
None
He asked the doctor whether (a) either of the syrups were (b) to be taken on empty stomach. (c) No error (d)
One (of the most beloved characters (a) of the films as well as (b) the internet platform spinoff) remain / remains Thing. (c) No error (d)
After his arrival, one of his first tasks (a) are / is to find an apartment close to work (b) as he does not have a car. (c) No error (d)
One of the terrorists (1)/ of the Kashmir valley (2)/ are shot dead. (3)/ No error (4)(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam.16.11.2003)
5. Either of the roads (1)/ lead (2)/ to the park (3)/. No error. (4)
(SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam. 10.12.2006)
6. One of my desires (1)/ are to become (2)/ a doctor (3)/. No error. (4) (SSC Section Officer (Audit) Exam. 10.12.2006)
8. Each of these boys (1)/ play games (2)/ in the playground. (3)/ No error (4) (SSC Graduate Level Tier-II Exam. 16.09.2012)
9. One of the most important factor (1)/ that contribute to the success of a person (2)/ is his sincerity. (3)/ No error.(4) (SSC Multi-Tasking Staff Exam. 17.03.2013, Kolkata Region)
11. Each one of you (1)/ must make up their mind (2)/ as I did. (3)/ No error (4).(SSC Multi-Tasking Staff Exam. 24.03.2013, Ist Sitting) (SSC Graduate Level Tier-1 Exam. 21.04.2013, 1st Sitting)
12. One of the (1)/most dangerous disease (2)/is AIDS (3)/. No error (4)
(SSC Constable (GD) Exam. 12.05.2013, Ist Sitting)
13. Each of these boys (1)/ play (2)/ games. (3)/ No error. (4) (SSC Graduate Level Tier-II Exam. 29.09.2013)
14. One of the most (1)/ widely spread (2)/ bad habit is the use of tobacco. (3)/ No error (4).(SSC GL Tier-1 Exam. 19.10.2014, Ist Sitting)
-========//////////=================//////////////////====
Two-thirds of the money were / was donated by him.
Two-thirds of the men were / was asked this question.
One-half of the students in the class (a) has obtained good marks in (b) the recently held exams. (c) No error (d)
Sometimes as much as three quarters (a) of my work hours is / are wasted dealing with (b) unimportant matters in the office. (c) No error (d)
Around 95% of your donation goes directly (a) to help our cause; only 5% are / is (b) used to cover management costs. (c) No error (d)
----------------------///////////------------------------
Sanjay, my colleague and friend, (a) often play / plays an important role (b) in resolving issues of my personal life. (c) No error (d)
I, the owner of this car, is responsible for your loss.
you, my only friend, has always helped me.
-----//////-----------//////---------------//////--------
flying kites is / are being looked at by many
Participle subject predicate
Flying kites are / is very easy
Gerund object predicate
Smoking cigarettes causes cancer.
Gerund object predicate
Spotlighting the corruption in the FIFA (a) administration ranks has / have been one (b) of the main objectives of the various documentaries. (c) No error (d)
Finding a job where (a) you can learn new (b) skills take / takes a lot of effort and time. (c) No error (d)
Organizing World Cup matches in England imply / implies that rains can be a constant threat.
(1) be a constant threat
(2) in England imply
(3) that rains can be
(4) Organizing World Cup matches
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Note the following examples too. They take Singular verb as they denote the same person, thing or idea. (ऐसे कुछ अन्य pairs भी है जो Singular verb होते हैं क्योंकि वो एक ही व्यक्ति, वस्तु या idea को संबोधित करते हैं।)
1. Lime and Soda
2. Sum and Substance (निचोड़ )
3. Part and Parcel (अभिन्न अंग )
4. Fun and Floric (मज़े )
5. Science and Technology
6. Art and Culture
7. Trade and Commerce
8. Peace and Harmony
9. Peace and Prosperity
10. Destruction and Devastation (विधवश )
11. Honour and Glory (सम्मान, भव्यता)
12. Power and Influence
13. Chaos and Confusion (आराजाकता )
14. Horse and Carriage (तांगा )
15. Slow and Steady
16. Manners and Etiquettes (शिस्टाचार)
17. Heart and Soul
18. Mind and Soul (दिलो दिमाग )
19. Culture and Tradition
20. Custom and Tradition
21. Ebb and flow
22. Drinking and driving
1. The sum and substance of the passage is as follows.
2. Peace and harmony leads to prosperity
3. The ebb and flow of the tides (1)/ are (2)/ now understood (3)/. No error (4) (SSC Section Officer (Commercial Audit) Exam. 25.09.2005
4. Time and tide (1)/ wait (2)/ for no man. (3)/ No error (4) (SSC Stenographer Grade 'C' & 'D' Exam. 16.10.2011)
5. Drinking and driving(1)/ are(2)/ a major cause of accidents.(3)/ No error.(4) (SSC CPO (SI, ASI & Intelligence Officer Exam. Paper-II 28.08.2011)
6. Short stories and poems (1)/of varying quality (2)/appears in dailies and periodicals (3)/. No error (4) (SSC Constable (GD) Exam. 12.05.2013, Ist Sitting
